അമേരിക്കയും സൗദിയും എണ്ണവില യുദ്ധത്തിൽ
Story Dated :January 1, 2015
ആഗോള വിപണിയിൽ അസംസ്കൃത എണ്ണയുടെ വില ഇടിയുന്നത് അമേരിക്കയും സൗദിഅറേബ്യയുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ എണ്ണ ഉല്പാദകരാഷ്ട്ര ങ്ങളും തമ്മിൽ തുടരുന്ന 'വിലയുദ്ധം" മൂലം. എണ്ണവില ഇനിയും ഇടിയാനാണ് സാദ്ധ്യത. അമേരിക്കയിലെ 'ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണ' ഉല്പാദനം നഷ്ടക്കച്ചവടമാക്കാനുള്ള ശ്രമത്തിലാണ് സൗദിഅറേബ്യയും മറ്റ് 'ഒപെക് ' രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങളും. വില ഒരു പരിധിയിലേറെ ഇടിഞ്ഞാൽ ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണ ഉല്പാദനം ആദായകരമാകില്ല. കളിമൺകട്ട പോലുള്ള ഷെയ്‌ലിൽ നിന്ന് എണ്ണ വേർപെടുത്തുന്നത് താരതമ്യേന ചെലവേറിയ പ്രക്രിയയിലൂടെയാണ്. അമേരിക്കയാകട്ടെ, വൻതോതിൽ എണ്ണ കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്ത് 'ഒപെക് ' രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങളെ സാമ്പത്തികമായി ശ്വാസംമുട്ടിക്കാനാണ് ഒരുങ്ങുന്നത്. പ്രതിദിനം ഒരു ദശലക്ഷം ബാരൽ എണ്ണ കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്യാൻ യു.എസ് വാണിജ്യവകുപ്പ് അനുമതി നൽകിക്കഴിഞ്ഞു. നാല് പതിറ്റാണ്ടായി തുടരുന്ന എണ്ണ കയറ്റുമതി നിരോധനം പിൻവലിച്ചുകൊണ്ടാണ് ഈ നടപടി.
ആഗോളവിപണിയിൽ എണ്ണയുടെ ലഭ്യത വർദ്ധിച്ചാൽ വില ഇനിയും ഇടിയും. എണ്ണവില ഇടിയുമ്പോൾ 'ഒപെക് " രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങൾ മുമ്പ് ഉല്പാദനം കുറയ്ക്കുമായിരുന്നു. എണ്ണ വില ബാരലിന് 100 ഡോളറിലും താഴെ പോകാതിരിക്കാൻ മുമ്പ് ശ്രദ്ധ പുലർത്തിയിരുന്നത് സൗദിഅറേബ്യയാണ്. എന്നാൽ, ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ 'വിലയുദ്ധ"ത്തിൽ പിന്നോട്ടുപോകേണ്ടതില്ലെന്നാണ് സൗദി ഭരണകൂടത്തിന്റെ നിലപാട്. ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണയെ ആഗോള വിപണിയിൽ നിന്ന് കെട്ടുകെട്ടിക്കുകയാണ് ലക്ഷ്യം. വിലയുദ്ധം ഗുണം ചെയ്യുന്നത് എണ്ണ ഇറക്കുമതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഇന്ത്യയെ പോലുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങൾക്കാണ്. കെടുതി അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ മുന്നിൽ റഷ്യയും നൈജീരിയയുമാണ്. രണ്ട് രാജ്യങ്ങളിലെയും കറൻസിയുടെ മൂല്യം ഇടിഞ്ഞുകഴിഞ്ഞു. വെനസ്വേലയാണ് ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടിലായ മറ്റൊരു പ്രമുഖ എണ്ണ ഉല്പാദകരാജ്യം.
ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണയുടെ ഉല്പാദന രീതിയിൽ വന്ന സാങ്കേതിക മാറ്റമാണ് അമേരിക്കയെ മത്സരത്തിന് പ്രാപ്തമാക്കുന്നത്. 'ഹൊറിസോണ്ടൽ ഡ്രില്ലിംഗ്", 'ഹൈഡ്രോളിക് ഫ്രാക്ചറിംഗ്" എന്നീ വിദ്യകൾ സംയോജിപ്പിച്ചാണ് അമേരിക്കയിൽ വടക്കൻ ഡെക്കോട്ടയിലെ ബേക്കനിലും ടെക്സസിലെ ഈഗിൾ ഫോർഡിലും എണ്ണ ഉല്പാദനം. പ്രതിദിനം 9.14 ദശലക്ഷം ബാരൽ എണ്ണയാണ് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്.
ലോകത്ത് ആവശ്യമുള്ള എണ്ണയുടെ 40 ശതമാനം ലഭ്യമാകുന്നത് 'ഒപെക് " രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ്. 30 ദശലക്ഷം ബാരൽ എണ്ണയാണ് പ്രതിദിന ഉല്പാദനം. അമേരിക്കയിലെ എണ്ണ ഉല്പാദനം ഇപ്പോൾ ഇതിന്റെ മൂന്നിലൊന്നോളം വരുമെന്ന് അർത്ഥം.
ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണ
'കെറോജൻ" എന്ന ജൈവസംയുക്തം അടങ്ങിയ കളിമൺകട്ട പോലുള്ളതാണ് ഷെയ്‌ൽ. ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കെറോജനിൽ നിന്ന് അസംസ്കൃത എണ്ണ വേർപെടുത്താൻ കഴിയും. പ്രകൃതിദത്തമായ അസംസ്കൃത എണ്ണയിൽ നിന്ന് അല്പം വ്യത്യസ്തമാണ് 'ലൈറ്റ് ക്രൂഡ് ഓയിൽ" എന്ന് അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണ. ഉല്പാദനച്ചെലവ് താരതമ്യേന കൂടുതലാണ്. അമേരിക്കയിൽ 5800 കോടി ബാരൽ ഷെയ്‌ൽ എണ്ണ നിക്ഷേപമുണ്ടെന്നാണ് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. ലോകത്തെ മൊത്തം നിക്ഷേപം 34500 കോടി ബാരൽ.
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I’m truly enjoying the design and layout of your website.
It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more enjoyable for
me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire
out a designer to create your theme? Superb work!
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Way cool! Some extremely valid points! I appreciate you penning this post and the rest of the website is very good.